Sovereigns Of The British Isles9:
Kingdom Of Kent:
- **Hengest** (455-488)9
- **Horsa** (455)9
- **Oisc (Œsc, Æsc, Ash, Oeric)** (488-512/516)9
- **Octa (Octha)** (512/516-534/540)9
- **Eormenric** (534/540-c.590)9
- **Æðelberht I** (c.590 - 24 February 616)9
- **Eadbald** (February 616 to 20 January 640)9
- **Æðelwald** (unknown)9
- **Eorcenberht** (January 640 to 14 July 664)9
- **Eormenred Irminredus** (unknown)9
- **Ecgberht I** (July 664 to 4 July 673)9
- **Hlothhere** (acc. 674 or 675, died 685)9
- **Eadric** (685 to 686)9
- **Mul** (acc. 687, still reigning 692)9
- **Swæfheard** (acc. 687 or 688, still reigning 692)9
- **Swæfberht Gabertus** (fl. 689)9
- **Oswine** (fl. 689 to 690)9
- **Wihtred** (acc. c. 693, died 23 April 725)9
- **Alric** (succeeded 725)9
- **Eadberht I** (725 to 748)9
- **Æðelberht II** (725 to 762)9
Please note that the dates for the earlier kings are known only from Bede9.
Some kings are known mainly from charters, of which several are forgeries9.
It is commonplace for the later kings to be referred to as subkings9.
Kingdom Of Mercia12
- **Icel** (c. 515- c.535): Son of Eomer, last King of the Angles in Angeln¹2.
- **Cnebba** (c. 535- c.554): Son of Icel¹2.
- **Cynewald** (c. 554- c.584): Son of Cnebba¹2.
- **Creoda** (c. 584– c.593): Son of Cynewald¹2.
- **Pybba** (c. 593– c.606): Son of Creoda¹2.
- **Cearl** (c. 606– c.626): Named as king by Bede, not included in later regnal lists¹2.
- **Penda** (c. 626–655): Son of Pybba¹2.
- **Eowa** (c. 635–642): Co-ruler. Son of Pybba¹2.
- **Peada** (c. 653–656): Son of Penda¹2.
- **Oswiu of Northumbria** (655–658): Briefly took direct control of Mercia after the death of Penda¹2.
- **Wulfhere** (658–675): Son of Penda¹2.
- **Æthelred I** (675–704): Son of Penda¹2.
- **Cœnred** (704–709): Son of Wulfhere¹2.
- **Ceolred** (709–716): Son of Æthelred I¹2.
Please note that this list is not exhaustive and the dates are approximate. For a more comprehensive list, you may want to refer to the sources¹2²3.
Kings of Wessex (West Saxons)²:
- **Egbert**, Saxon, 802–839
- **Aethelwulf (Ethelwulf)**, Saxon, 839–856/858
- **Aethelbald (Ethelbald)**, Saxon, 855/856–860
- **Aethelberht (Ethelbert)**, Saxon, 860–865/866
- **Aethelred I (Ethelred)**, Saxon, 865/866–871
- Alfred the Great, Saxon, 871–899
- **Edward the Elder**, Saxon, 899–924
**Sovereigns of England**²:
- **Athelstan**, Saxon, 925–939
- **Edmund I**, Saxon, 939–946
- **Eadred (Edred)**, Saxon, 946–955
- **Eadwig (Edwy)**, Saxon, 955–959
- **Edgar**, Saxon, 959–975
- **Edward the Martyr**, Saxon, 975–978
- **Ethelred II the Unready (Aethelred)**, Saxon, 978–1013
- **Sweyn Forkbeard**, Danish, 1013–14
- **Ethelred II the Unready (restored)**, Saxon, 1014–16
- **Edmund II Ironside**, Saxon, 1016
- **Canute**, Danish, 1016–35
- **Harold I Harefoot**, Danish, 1035–40
- **Hardecanute**, Danish, 1040–42
- **Edward the Confessor**, Saxon, 1042–66
- **Harold II**, Saxon, 1066
- William I the Conqueror, Norman, 1066–87
- **William II**, Norman, 1087–1100
- **Henry I**, Norman, 1100–35
- **Stephen**, Blois, 1135–54
- **Henry II**, 1154–89
- **Richard I**, 1189–99
- **John**, 1199–1216
- **Henry III**, 1216–72
- **Edward I**, 1272–1307
- **Edward II**, 1307–27
- Edward III, 1327–77
- **Richard II**, 1377–99
- **Henry IV**, 1399–1413
- **Henry V**, 1413–22
- **Henry VI**, 1422–61, 1470–71
- **Edward IV**, 1461–70, 1471–83
- **Edward V**, 1483
- Richard III, 1483–85
House Of Tudor:
- Henry VII, 1485–1509
- Henry VIII, 1509–47
- Edward VI, 1547–53
- Mary I, 1553–58
- Elizabeth I, 1558–1603
House of Stuart¹²:
- James I, 1603–25
- **Charles I**, 1625–49
- **Charles II**, 1660–85
- **James II**, 1685–88
- **William III & Mary II**, 1689–1702
- **Anne**, 1702–07
Kings and Queens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, starting from the Act of Union with Scotland in 1707:
House of Stuart¹²:
- **Anne**, 1 May 1707 – 1 August 1714
**House of Hanover**¹²:
- **George I**, 1 August 1714 – 11 June 1727
- **George II**, 11 June 1727 – 25 October 1760
- **George III**, 25 October 1760 – 29 January 1820
- **George IV**, 29 January 1820 – 26 June 1830
- **William IV**, 26 June 1830 – 20 June 1837
- **Victoria**, 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901
**House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha¹²:
- **Edward VII**, 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910
House of Windsor¹²:
- George V, 6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936
- **Edward VIII**, 20 January 1936 – 11 December 1936 (abdicated)
- **George VI**, 11 December 1936 – 6 February 1952
- **Elizabeth II**, 6 February 1952 – 2022
Please note that the dates represent the reign of each monarch¹².
The United Kingdom of Great Britain was formed on 1 May 1707, with the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland².
The Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merged on 1 January 1801, which resulted in the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland².
The house name was changed from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor in 1917, during World War I².
Source: Conversation with Bing, 24/12/2023 to 26/12/2023
(1) List of British Monarchs | Kings and Queens of Britain. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kings-and-Queens-of-Britain-1856932.
(2) List of English monarchs - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs.
(3) English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England Timeline - Britain Express. https://www.britainexpress.com/History/monarchs.htm.
(4) List of English monarchs - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs.
(5) List of British monarchs | Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-British-monarchs-2059315.
(6) kings and queens of Britain at a glance - Britannica Kids. https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/kings-and-queens-of-Britain-at-a-glance/626780.
(7) Regnal years of English and British monarchs - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs.
(8) United Kingdom - Monarchs, Royalty, History | Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/United-Kingdom/Sovereigns-of-Britain.
(9) List of monarchs of Kent - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Kent.
(10) Kingdom of Kent - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent.
(11) Kent | Anglo-Saxon, Jutish, Roman | Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Kent-historical-kingdom-England.
(12) List of monarchs of Mercia - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Mercia.
(13) List of monarchs of Mercia - Simple English Wikipedia, the free .... https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Mercia.
(14) The Mercian Kings Listed in Order - Discovery UK. https://www.discoveryuk.com/monarchs-and-rulers/the-mercian-kings-listed-in-order/.
(15) Kings and Queens of Mercia, 515 - 918 AD - Historic UK. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Kings-Queens-of-Mercia/.
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Page last edited: 26th December, 2023