UnseenI
Eternal Member
"Part Of The Furniture"
Keeping on keeping on
Posts: 8,263
|
Post by UnseenI on Jul 8, 2018 7:20:33 GMT
All the research and leads we have has helped me to read history more than ever. Alot of things make sence. The grail, deities, the tribe of witches, richard 3 , Arthur camelot courts. Being Sherlock 🕵️♀️ holmes is fun. And you are doing it in another language too! I have learned a lot myself. Yes, the connections do seem more than chance.
|
|
UnseenI
Eternal Member
"Part Of The Furniture"
Keeping on keeping on
Posts: 8,263
|
Post by UnseenI on Jul 8, 2018 7:26:05 GMT
J.K. Rowling and Meghan Markle
When people criticised Meghan and said that she was not suitable for the royal family because she was divorced, J. K. Rowling defended her, pointing out that she was divorced too.
They have the Cotswolds in common too. I wonder whether there is anything else.
|
|
UnseenI
Eternal Member
"Part Of The Furniture"
Keeping on keeping on
Posts: 8,263
|
Post by UnseenI on Jul 8, 2018 18:06:54 GMT
J. K.Rowling’s Beedle the Bard and the Brothers Grimm
An interesting connection is made here: “Readers of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the final volume in J.K. Rowling’s seven-tome wizarding epic, will recall the inset story ‘The Tale of the Three Brothers’, attributed to Beedle the Bard, which appeared at one of that book’s most dramatic moments – in chapter 21, when Hermione reads out the tale to Harry and Ron, all three on the run from the Death Eaters, in the home of the perfidious Xenophilius Lovegood. At the time it struck me as a remarkably powerful fairy-tale in the best Brothers Grimm mode…” rollason.wordpress.com/2008/12/23/harry-potter-and-the-brothers-grimms-return-j-k-rowlings-tales-of-beedle-the-bard/Lots of green, red hair, a cauldron...
|
|
UnseenI
Eternal Member
"Part Of The Furniture"
Keeping on keeping on
Posts: 8,263
|
Post by UnseenI on Jul 8, 2018 18:09:35 GMT
Beedle the Bard and the big money
“A handwritten and jewelled edition of JK Rowling’s The Tales of Beedle the Bard gifted to her publisher has sold for £368,750 at auction. Rowling handwrote seven copies of her collection of fairytales set in the Harry Potter universe and gave six as presents to ‘those most closely connected to the Harry Potter books’. The seventh copy, made by Rowling to raise money for her charity Lumos, was sold at auction by Sotheby’s in 2007 for £1.95m.” www.theguardian.com/books/2016/dec/13/beedle-the-bard-jk-rowling-auctionHandwritten copies…Meghan Markle earned some money from calligraphy, hand-written invitations for example.
|
|
|
UnseenI
Eternal Member
"Part Of The Furniture"
Keeping on keeping on
Posts: 8,263
|
Post by UnseenI on Jul 9, 2018 6:00:06 GMT
Samantha Markle and the Duchess of Nonsense Reading about the feuding Markles is a guilty pleasure: I am ashamed of myself for following the developments but find them very amusing. Samantha Markle has just insulted Prince Harry on Twitter: www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5931405/Samantha-Markle-attacks-half-sister-Meghan-Twitter.htmlI wondered what the German for ‘wuss’ was, and found a few words: weichei, feigling, schlappschwanz and ... lulu! So in German, Prinz Heinrich ist ein lulu - hilarious.
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 9, 2018 7:01:57 GMT
@unseenl notice how dm blew out this picture. Many are saying its how she wishes to look . That means its facetime picture with filters. Whats interesting is the colours of the filters. Pale green eye shadow and lavender lipstick. These are not colours a lady of her age could chose. So there is a reason dm called it her most recent picture and made it big. Another picture on the article is her wearing green dress. Her father gave interviews in a lavender shirt
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 9, 2018 7:17:19 GMT
Samantha Markle and the Duchess of Nonsense Reading about the feuding Markles is a guilty pleasure: I am ashamed of myself for following the developments but find them very amusing. Samantha Markle has just insulted Prince Harry on Twitter: www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5931405/Samantha-Markle-attacks-half-sister-Meghan-Twitter.htmlI wondered what the German for ‘wuss’ was, and found a few words: weichei, feigling, schlappschwanz and ... lulu! So in German, Prinz Heinrich ist ein lulu - hilarious. Its really interesting to see how it will develop. Charles called Meghan tugend/wolfram the gemstone because she gives harry the backbone. He is know weichei🧜🏿♀️ Wizard Who likes pink shorts . Most windsor men are weichei and thats why they need male stocky looking wallis, camila, sophia, kate . I was reading that there is no perfect fairy tale story without the wicked step relations, a father who is powerless and an all suffering bride who comes from a humble disadvantage background. The prince and the bride unite to fight evil Meghan ticks all the boxes. I noticed that the markles look at events calender and always get on dm a day or hours before a major event. That means they stirr up emotions of hate the day before and meghan comes out looking super put together the next. Emotional strategy? Either way many people are defending meg now whenever the stories come from her family. Many are sympathetic with her who hated her in the beginning. There is team samathan / evil fans and team meg/ poor victim fans. I dont by the rivalry on face value. Someone or dm is engineering the stirring of emotions which will connect energies to Samantha-Markle or Meg and they sap it and get stronger.
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 9, 2018 7:42:26 GMT
Harry Potter and the Forest of Dean
The Forest of Dean is featured in the Harry Potter books and films. Maybe it made a great impression on J. K. Rowling when she was a child. Hagrid was born there for example. The giant spiders live there. Key scenes were filmed there: “in the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the Forest of Dean scene is extended with Hermione musing about her past relationship with the place and despairingly asking Harry if they should forget about their destinies and just stay in the forest and grow old together.” harrypotter.wikia.com/wiki/Forest_of_Dean ———————————————- Forest of Dean Witchcraft! ————————————- @unseenl here is an interesting read: deanweb.info/history7.htmlThe Holy Grail and the dean: ”The Legend of the Holy Grail and Noden's Temple —————————————————————————— The quest for The Holy Grail proved to be a lethal obstacle course that killed many of Arthur's knights. Legend says that Galahad and his party of knights discovered and captured The Holy Grail and brought it back to Camelot Castle to Arthur. The Holy Grail was found in the possession of Anfortas II, the Grail-King, who was relocated to Britain under King Arthur's patronage, and was given the old iron-age hill-fort at Castell Dinas Bran, at Llangollen, in Clwyd, Wales as his estate. His family, descendants of Joseph of Arimathea, that is, the "Grail-Kings", served as the official "keepers" of the holy relic, which was kept in an old Roman temple that was refurbished to house it, the one at Lydney Park in the Forest of Dean about nine miles north-east of Chepstow in Gloucestershire. It is situated on a hill overlooking the River Severn. The temple complex was a hybrid of architectural types. Its basic plan was that of a Celto-Roman shrine with a central inner sanctum surrounded by a portico. The Holy Grail was later returned to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem by Helyas "The Swan Knight", epic-hero of the First Crusade 1096-99, the last Grail-King, and, the first Grand-Master of the Knights-Templar, who, upon entering Jerusalem (accompanying his son, Geoffrey of Bouillon, the leader (army-commander) of the First Crusade) placed the Holy Grail himself on the high-altar (1099). The Holy Grail was taken out of Jerusalem to Acre at the time of Jerusalem's fall to the Muslims either in 1187 and/or 1244, and there remained at Acre until 1291 when it was taken by the Knight-Templar Guillame (III) de Beaujeu to Antioch and entrusted into the care of Tibald de Gaudin, the city's bishop. The Holy Grail after that disappears from history until 1910 when there was found in the ruins of a church at Antioch, a cup, containing an inner cup, that is thought by able scholars to be the Holy Grail. The inner cup is plain silver, however its container, the outer cup, is exquisitely carved silver with the figures of Christ and His disciples at the "Last Supper". The outer cup was obviously made to hold the inner cup, as a sacred, precious object older than itself. The artistic style and workmanship is considered to be of first century date. The Holy Grail, now called "The Chalice of Antioch", eventually came into the possession of the Cloister's Museum in New York City and is privately owned today by the Metropolitan Museum, New York. from: "The British Chronicles" by David Hughes - Heritage Books 2007 It was put on display with a certain amount of fanfare in the Hall of Religion at the Chicago World's Fair of 1933-34. Gustavus Eisen, a colourful but respected antiquary had hinted strongly that it was the Holy Grail, and the owners, again a respected family of antiquity dealers, did nothing to discourage the interest which such a suggestion provoked. It is now on display among the Byzantine artefacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. The journalist and novelist, Thomas Costain used it as the model for his historical novel, The Silver Chalice, in the 1950s. In the novel, Joseph of Arimathea commissioned a young pagan silversmith to provide a silver chalice to house the cup used at the Last Supper. In the course of his work the young craftsman seeks out the followers of Christ in order to sculpt their likenesses for the chalice. Naturally, he finds both adventure and romance with a beautiful Christian girl and becomes a convert to the new faith. Juliette Wood - Cardiff University ” quote from the website
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 9, 2018 8:10:04 GMT
Forest dean Ed sheeran -Castle on the hill song reference to lynden park castle Dwarfs and lord of the rings movie and forest dean Merlin / roman melin a tale similar to harry potter. ———————— “
YOUR FOREST OF DEAN WEBSITE
Lydney Home
Coleford
Lydney
Cinderford
Local History
Lydney Memorial
Lydney Docks
One of the town's attractive features is Lydney Harbour. In 1980, the lower and tidal basins and the connecting lock were classified as a Scheduled Ancient Monument and the rest of the harbour area, which dates from the 1870's, is a rare another d historically important example of an unspoilt 19th century harbour built for sailing ships. Both iron and coal were exported from the Forest, often on ships built using local oak. Until Stuart times, quite large ships were constructed at Lydney, including the 306-ton, 22-gun frigate 'Forester' in 1657 and the 620-ton frigate 'Princess' in 1660. The town was the home of Sir William Wintour, Admiral of the Fleet of Queen Elizabeth I in 1588, and many of the ships who fought the Spanish Armada were built here.
Tolkien and Noden's Temple at Lydney - Did this ring and Dwarf's Hill inspire Tolkien? In 1928 Sir Mortimer Wheeler and his wife Tessa, both eminent archaeologists, were commissioned to make a thorough examination of the Lydney Park site of Noden's Temple. Tolkien was later invited there in a professional capacity, being at that time Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford, and stayed on a number of occasions in the Bathurst family's main house. He would, a couple of years later, contribute a chapter to the published report for the Society of Antiquaries on the origin and meaning of the name ‘Nodens’, the god to whom the temple complex is dedicated and of whom there is little other record. The site of Dwarf’s Hill at Lydney Park was riddled with tunnels and open-cast iron mines known as ‘scowles’. The labyrinth of tunnels in the hillside and local legend naming it as a habitat of the 'little people' may have inspired the notion of hole-dwelling hobbits. There are close similarities with Tolkien's Hobbiton and The Shire, which are said to describe an idealised version of rural England. It certainly seems probable that Tolkien was inspired in some way by the folklore attached to the hill. Coincidentally the Roman God Noden was known, amongst other things, as the Lord of the Mines, not a far cry from The Lord of the Rings. From medieval times Lydney residents forgot it had been a Roman settlement and thought the crumbling ruins were the homes of little people, dwarves and hobgoblins and were afraid of that hill.Tolkien would have also probably visited Puzzlewood which was only a few miles away. There in 1848 workmen had moved a block of stone and uncovered three earthenware jars containing over 3000 Roman coins. That ancient site's unique geology with its scowls and caves is today regularly used by film crews and together with nearby Clearwell Caves has been the setting for scenes from Merlin, Harry Potter and Dr Who. One of the artefacts found at the Lydney Park site in the early 1800s was a curse tablet, an invocation for revenge. It reads: “To the God Nodens. Silvanus has lost a ring. He has [vowed] half its value to Nodens. Amongst all who bear the name of Senicianus, refuse thou to grant health to exist, until he bring back the ring to the Temple of Nodens.” It seems extraordinary, but what appears to be the same ring had in fact, already been found, but not at Lydney. It was dug up by a farmer in a ploughed field at Silchester, Hampshire, in 1785. Silchester is the site of the large and important Roman town of Calleva Atrebatum. Now Senicianus had a new inscription written on it: ‘Seniciane vivas in deo’ (Senicianus, may you live in God). The ring's home these days is the Vyne Museum at Basingstoke and there seems very little chance of it being returned to Noden's Temple. Like The One Ring in Tolkien’s Middle-earth, the Roman ring had gathered dust in a library for many years. It’s story now brought back to life, the 12g golden ring sits on display at The Vyne. The “Ring Room” also houses Tolkien memorabilia, and leaves the question as to whether the ancient ring might actually be the very one that inspired Tolkien. Silvanus is probably spinning in his grave. And did that thieving devil Senicianus ever realise he would end up as Gollu”
“ The Forest of Dean & Wye Valley's Celts & Romans
Soudley Camp
Soudley Iron Age CampOur picture shows an artist's impression of a typical hill fort and Iron Age enclosure. Close to the Dean Heritage Centre and Soudley Ponds is Soudley Camp which is believed to be an Iron Age promontory fort. It oversees the junction of three valleys right in the heart of the Forest of Dean. The site consists of an enclosed area roughly triangular in shape and covering around one-eighth of an acre. No evidence has been found of it being used during the medieval period but minor excavations have produced five pieces of Romano-British Severn Valley Ware pottery, and several of iron ore and bloomery slag. The bloomery process, used from around the 8th century BC, is the original method of producing iron. Operating on a small scale and at relatively low temperatures, it produced a sponge of malleable iron and slag that was then forged by a blacksmith into a wrought iron bar or billet. Little Doward Hill Fort The Doward is an area in the parish of Whitchurch in south Herefordshire, England, consisting of the hamlets of Little Doward and Great Doward and extensive woodland. It is within the Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, on the border with Monmouthshire, Wales. The area, about 3 miles (4.8 km) north-east of Monmouth, is shrouded in legend and King Arthur's Cave is in the vicinity. Today it contains the Doward Park campsite and several cottages. The camp consists of an oval enclosure with a rectangular annexe towards the SE. The oval portion is surrounded by a double embankment with a medial ditch, except on the S side where the steep slope made only a single bank necessary. The double embankment turns outward at the NW angle indicating the former existence of an outer enclosure on this side. Situated above Ganarew, a few miles from Monmouth, as well as appearing to be a Celtic hillfort, it is one of the foremost candidates for the elusive 'Caer Guorthegirn' (City or Fortress of Vortigern). Vortigern, when on the run from St Germanus around AD425, fled into Wales to one of his strongholds. There were several of them, ranging from Gwynedd in the north, Dyfed in the west, to this one, high above a loop of the river Wye. 'Nennius' describes it as being located in the region of Gueneri or Guenessi and 'Gueneri' may have easily been Ganarew.
Vortigen, was a 5th century warlord in Britain, a leading ruler among the Britons. His existence is considered likely, though information about him is shrouded in legend. He may have been the "superbus tyrannus" said to have invited Hengist and Horsa to aid him in fighting the Picts and the Scots. Wikipedia
Blaize Bailey - An Iron Age Enclosure? Enclosure at Blaize Bailey
The site of what is believed to be a pre-historic enclosure, is located in Dry Wood. More over-grown today, and apparently never excavated, it is situated behind the Blaize Bailey viewpoint.
1946 aerial photo of Blaize Baileyview from blaize bailey
There appears to be other circular markings below the apparent enclosure.The viewpoint at Blaize Bailey was improved andDry Wood opposite Blaize Bailey walled in the 1970s using stone from the disused Fetter Hill railway bridge. The enclosure, centred on SO 6676 1121, is sub circular in form and approximately 100 metres in diameter. Now covered by brambles and planted with fir, it today displays no immediately visible signs of later occupancy or excavation. The site was visited in 2002 by staff from Gloucestershire County Council Archaeology Service and again in 2003 (in the company of the National Mapping Programme team and the English Heritage field survey team) when the undergrowth had died down.
Among other observations they noted that It is possible that the northern ditch of the feature visible on the 1946 aerial photograph represents a cross ridge dyke feature, and that the southern branch of the enclosure may be an unconnected lynchet-type feature of unknown origin or date. Although the field evidence suggested that this is more than likely an enclosure, its full form is now obscured by forestry activity. This is another Forest of Dean site that may yield its secrets one day. We still have much to learn about the Bronze and Iron Age settlements in the area.
Who were our Celtic ancestors? The Silures were a powerful and warlike tribe, occupying approximately the counties of Monmouthshire, Breconshire and Glamorganshire of present day South Wales; and parts of Gloucestershire and Herefordshire. TRoman Waleshey were a small but hardy race of farmers, hunters and fishermen, with dark complexions and curly hair. Their territory was bordered to the north by the Ordovices; to the east by the Dobunni; and to the west by the Demetae. Around AD 48 they fiercely resisted Roman conquest with the help of Caratacus (Caradoc), a military leader and prince of the Catuvellauni, who had fled from the east of Britain after his own tribe was defeated. According to local legend, a fierce and bloody battle took place near the hill fort at Symonds Yat. After that conflict Caratacus escaped across the River Wye to the British Camp on the Doward. This marked the start of a 27 year campaign which carried on even after Caratacus was captured. Ostorius, who was appointed second governor of Roman Britain by the emperor Claudius, announced that the Silurians posed such a danger that they should be either exterminated or transplanted and declared his intention to disarm all the Britons south and east of the rivers Trent and Severn. His threats only increased the Silures' determination to resist and resulted in a large legionary force, who were occupied in building Roman forts in their territory, being surrounded and attacked. They were only rescued with some difficulty and considerable losses. After Ostorius' ill-thought out threats to destroy them they began taking Roman prisoners as hostages and distributing them amongst their neighbouring tribes. This had the effect of binding some of them together and creating a new resistance movement. Llanmelin Wood hillfort from the north-east - click here for Caerwent, Camelot and the magical coming-and-going lake Llanmelin Wood hillfort With a new Roman Governor, Sextus Julius Frontinus, the Second Augustan Legion moved into the centre of the tribe's territory to a new fortress at Caerleon in ADLlanmelin Wood hillfort 74/75. A port on the banks of the River Usk, just north of the modern city of Newport, was also built so that troops could be landed in the heart of Silures territory. The war-like Silures were finally contained and eventually subdued. Their original tribal capital is believed to be Llanmelin Wood hillfort, which lies close to the town that the Romans eventually built for them at Caerwent in AD 75. Its Roman name was Venta Silurum, 'Market Town of the Siluresâ' and it became a Romanised town. An inscription shows that under the Roman Empire it was the capital of the Silures, whose ordo provided local government for the district. Its massive Roman walls still survive, and excavations have revealed a forum, a temple, baths, amphitheatre, shops, and a number of comfortable houses with mosaic floors, etc. In the late 1st century, the Silures were given some nominal independence and responsibility for local administration. As was standard practice, and revealed by inscriptions, the Romans matched their deities with local Silurian ones. The local deity Ocelus was identified with Mars, the Roman god of war. Caerwent seems to have continued in use after the Romans had left as a religious centre and the territory of the Silures later became the Welsh Kingdom of Gwent, Brycheiniog, Gwynllwg and Glamorgan. The Silures had been operating an iron industry in the Forest of Dean for over 200 years. During the occupation period the locals continued to work the mines and smelt ore under the supervision of the invaders. Their multitude of excavations and workings, known as scowles, can still be seen at Puzzlewood and Bream. The Romans did stimulate an increase in output, and by the second century the Forest of Dean was one of the major iron-producing areas of Britain. The invaders also quarried local stone and sand for their roads and villas, and some coal from outcrops for domestic use. Our illustration shows artist Alan Sorrel's 1940 impression of Silurian HQ - Llanmelin Iron Age Hillfort near Caerwent, 6 miles west of Chepstow, (300 BC- lst century AD) Lydney is nearer to Caerwent (13 miles) than it is to Gloucester (14 miles).
A 19th century map of Caerwent showing the excavation sites. Lydney is closer in distance to Caerwent (13 miles) than it is to Glevum (Gloucester) (14 miles). Currency Bars Before the arrival of the Romans it appears that the Silurian Celts had no coinage but partly relied on iron currency bars for bartering. Julius Caesar gives us the only contemporary account of coinage in Iron Age Britain. In his 54 BC. report on military campaigns there, he writes: "For money they use either bronze or gold coins or iron ingots of fixed weights". This mention, does not confirm whether he actually saw the currency he describes but finds of both coins and ingots over the last 150 years tend to substantiate Caesar's report. The currency bars were usually around 800mm long and 4cm wide. They resembled a half-finished sword with a roughly shaped handle at one end, and slightly hammered at the other. Currency bars have been found on three sites in the Cotswolds area of Gloucestershire and appear to have been standardised for easy transportation and bartering. The largest group totaling 147 were found while digging a gravel pit at Salmonsbury Camp, Bourton-on-the-Water, in 1860. At Uley Bury Camp, situated near Dursley, across the other side of the River Severn from Lydney, excavations carried out on the north eastern rampart during the 1970s also found iron currency bars. The Dobunni Their neighbours, the Dobunni,were a large group of farmers and craftsmen who lived in small villages mainly concentrated in fertile valleys in a part of southwestern Britain. That area today broadly coincides with the English counties of North Somerset, Bristol, and Gloucestershire. dobunni gold stater Their territory was bordered by the Cornovii and Corieltauvi to the North; the Catuvellauni to the East; the Atrebates and Belgae to the South; and the Silures and Ordovices to the West. The tribe's capital acquired the Roman name of Corinium Dobunnorum, which is today known as Cirencester. Their sculpture has been found at Gloucester, Cirencester, Nettleton, Bath, Wellow, and Aldsworth. Remnants of several hillforts, thought to have been occupied by the Dobunni can be seen in the Bristol area at Maes Knoll, Clifton Down, Burwalls and Stokeleigh - all overlooking the Avon Gorge. They were were one of the tribes known to issue coins before Roman arrival and the introduction of Roman currency. Dio Cassius referred to the tribe as "Bodunni", probably a mispelling of the Dobunni. Southern Britain in 410ADThe Dobunni were incorporated into the Roman Empire in AD 43 but their territory was probably not formed into Roman political units until AD 96-98. The tribal territory was divided into a civitas centred in Cirencester, and the Colonia at Gloucester. (Wikipedia) Unlike their neighbours,the Silures, they were not a warlike people and mainly submitted to the Romans even before they reached their lands. Afterwards most of them readily adopted the Romano-British lifestyle. A part of the Forest at Yorkley is named Bunny Wood and is believed locally to be where some of the Dubonni tribe camped during the military campaign against the Romans. Our map shows Southern Britain in 410 AD Correction I should like to point out a couple of points re the above. Mainly, that the DOBUNNI Tribe was split-North/South - and only the Northern Half aquieseced to Roman Rule. They were led by a Chieftain from another tribe, most likely Catuvellauni. The Southern half continued to rebel to the point of near extinction, with Worlebury Hill-fort being demolished supposedly by Legion II led by Vespasian. The other point is that Glevum was originally built and manned by Leg's 14 and detachments of the 20th.....as Tacitus states, the borders were protected by it's camp of Legions......... Leg 2 moved in later, around AD52, upon the move up to Wroxeter. Prior to this Leg 2 were at Exeter. The mention of the Dobunni being split is often over-looked, but you will find it mentioned in some history notations. Cheers, and thanks for interesting and informative site, particularly the info on the Silures. Regards, April Roman Gloucester
Glevum (Gloucester) was established around AD 48 as a market centre at an important crossing of the River Severn and near to the Fosse Way, one of the important Roman roads in Britain. Initially, there was a Roman fort established at Kingsholm. Twenty years later, a larger replacement fortress was built on slightly higher ground nearby, centred on Gloucester Cross, and a civilian settlement grew around it. The Roman Legion based here was the Legio II Augusta as they prepared to invade Roman Wales between 66 and 74 AD, later being based at Burrium (Usk) and Isca Augusta (Caerleon) in South Wales. In AD 97, the whole area was designated a colonia by the Emperor Nerva. A colonia was the residence of retired legionaries and enjoyed the highest status in the Empire. The legionaries were given farmland in the surrounding district and could be called upon as a Roman auxiliary armed force. A large and impressive administrative basilica and forum market-place was built in the town and there were many fine homes with mosaic floors. Roman Britain was divided into four provinces in the early 4th century. It is most likely that Glevum, as a colony, became the provincial capital of Britannia Secunda, in the same way that colonies at York and Lincoln became capitals of their respective provinces. There is some evidence that at this time Glevum possessed a mint. At its height, Glevum may have had a population of as many as 10,000 people. All the area around Glevum was intensely romanised in the second and third centuries, with a higher than normal distribution of villas, as a result of its suitability for the traditional intensive Roman farming methods. Indeed, some of the best Roman villas in Britain, like Chedworth villa and Woodchester villa (both famous for their roman mosaics), are in the proximity of Glevum. Wikipedi
The main Roman road was constructed during the first century to connect Caerleon and Gloucester and is believed to have been completed around AD 81. It is also believed that this area was governed from the Roman town * of Ariconium near Ross-on-Wye, and a road was built from there to a river crossing at Newnham-on-Severn and the port at Lydney. * More recent evidence reveals some doubts about Ariconium's status as a town. In earlier times a Dobunni settlement, it was located at Bury Hill in the parish of Weston under Penyard, about 3 miles east of Ross on Wye, it is 350-400ft above sea level and has good views over the hills of Penyard, the Forest of Dean, and the plains of Gloucestershire. It was more likely an estate with a mixed agricultural and industrial economy and probably offered bed and breakfast facilities. A large iron working site, with massive refuse piles, it covered approximately 100 acres (40 hectares), and has revealed pottery remnants, fibulae (brooches/buckles), figures of lares (household gods), lachrymatories (tear-shaped bottles), lamps, rings and fragments of tessellated pavements. It is recorded that a bronze statue of the goddess Diana from the site was exhibited to the Society of Antiquaries in 1788, but it has since been lost. At least nine pre-Roman British coins have been found there, including one minted by Cunobelin, and others dating from Claudius (AD 41) to Constantinus (AD 340). A heavy reliance on ironworking appears to have made it especially vulnerable to the economic decline of the latter part of the 4th century and the site seems to have been abandoned shortly after 360 AD.
"The findings of Graham Robb, a biographer and historian, bring into question two millennia of thinking about Iron Age Britain and Europe and the stereotyped image of Celts as barbarous, superstitious tribes. In reality the Druids, the Celt’s scientific and spiritual leaders, were some of the most intellectually advanced thinkers of their age, it is said, who developed the straight roads in the 4th Century BC, hundreds of years before the Italian army marched across the continent. “They had their own road system on which the Romans later based theirs,” Mr Robb said, adding that the roads were built in Britain from around the 1st Century BC. “It has often been wondered how the Romans managed to build the Fosse Way, which goes from Exeter to Lincoln. They must have known what the finishing point would be, but they didn’t conquer that part of Britain until decades later. How did they manage to do that if they didn’t follow the Celtic road?” Lydney Park The Roman temple complex at Lydney Park, situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Severn Estuary, is rectangular, measuring 72m by 54m (80' by 60'), with a central cella measuring 29m by 49.5m (32½' by 55'), and its north-western end is divided into three chambers 6.3m deep. This imposing, Classical style temple building has been interpreted as an incubatio or dormitory for sick pilgrims to sleep and experience a vision of divine presence in their dreams.
The site was probably chosen because it offered a clear view of the massive Severn Bore, and its position within an earlier Iron Age hill fort which may have included a Celtic sacred site must also be relevant.
<IMG SRC="imgC.jpg" ALT="19th century view from Camp Hill Lydney">
Section of a Roman iron ore mine at Lydney Park as drawn by Mortimer Wheeler in the 1930s. Historians now believe that the production of ore from this mining area probably exceeded the amount that could be processed on site. The remainder may have been sent to the local villas at Park Farm and Woolaston where evidence of iron production has been found.
Roman remains at Lydney Park from Mortimer Wheeler
Mortimer Wheeler's excavations
<IMG SRC="imgC.jpg" ALT="mortimer wheeler's 1920s excavations at Lydney">
The bath-house
<IMG SRC="imgC.jpg" ALT="a sketch of the Roman Temple at Lydney Park">
Mortimer Wheeler's sketch of how he envisaged the site
Now known as Camp Hill it was popularly called Dwarf's Hill from a notion that the three feet high walls still at that time remaining from the original Roman structures, were the work of fairies, known locally as the little people.
When purchased from the Winter family by Benjamin Bathurst in 1723 the area which had never been ploughed was overgrown with bushes and in the part known locally as Dwarf's Chapel some of the walls were three feet high. During the clearing of the undergrowth many coins and other antiquities were found. The mother of Mrs T Bathurst was fond of scratching the surface and employed small girls to pick up uncovered items and is believed to have sent them to a friend in London.
Roman camps expert Major General Hayman Rooke from Mansfield, Notts (his relative, James Rooke, had married local Bigsweir heiress Jane Catchmay at St Briavels in 1735), who published an account of his digs there in 1779, was allowed to excavate wherever he was inclined. Other people at this time were also allowed to search and take away their finds. It is believed that it was during this period that what remained of the stone walls were in some places reduced to the foundations and pavements were uprooted.There were not any formal excavations until 1805 when holes dug to plant trees revealed foundations of old walls. An 1879 book lists over 700 coins, extending from Augustus, who died A.D. 14, to Arcadius, who died A.D. 408, was catalogued by Charlotte Bathurst.
The complex was archeologically excavated in the 1920s by Sir Mortimer Wheeler, who established that it was built some time after AD 364, with occupation continuing well into the 5th century. It has produced several inscriptions to Nodens. One, on a lead curse tablet, reads: 'DEVO NODENTI SILVIANVS ANILVM PERDEDIT DEMEDIAM PARTEM DONAVIT NODENTI INTER QVIBVS NOMEN SENICIANI NOLLIS PETMITTAS SANITATEM DONEC PERFERA VSQVE TEMPLVM DENTIS' For the god Nodens. Silvianus has lost a ring and has donated one-half [its worth] to Nodens. Among those named Senicianus permit no good-health until it is returned to the temple of Nodens). It is conjectured that this lost ring is the ring of Silvianus found in the 19th century far away from Lydney.
Mosaic at Lydney Park Temple
Floor mosaics uncovered during the 19th century excavations of the temple. According to some 1874 visiting academics, the inscription appears to read "D.A. . . FLAVIUS SENILIS. PR. BEL. EX STEFIBVS POSSVIT O..........ANTE VICTORINO INTER .... ATE." This apparently translates to "Flavius Senis, set up this temple at a cost defrayed by small money offering, Victorinus being the builder.”
An alternative offered by another later scholar relates -Flavius Senilis is also the author of a famous inscription found by Bathurst and King on a mosaic floor at the temple at Lydney park (above) which reads, "D(eo) N(oenti) T(itus) Flavious Senilis, pr(aepositus) rel(oqiatopmo), ex stipibus possuit o [pus cur]ante Victorio inter[pret]e. 'The god Nodens, Titus Flavious Senilis, officer in charge of the supply-depot of the fleet, laid this pavement out of money offerings; the work being in charge of Victorious, interpreter of the Governor's staff."
Titus Flavius Senilis, the founder of the temple may well have been the owner of the villa next door. In the inscription, he dedicated the temple to the god Nodens. One more recent researcher describes him as 'the Roman Admiral, Flavius Senilis who was based at Lydney Park and in charge of the detachment of military ships kept at Ley Pill.' Those 1874 Victorian scholars speculated that Victorinus was a name not uncommon among the local Celtic Silures, and 'Interamnate,’ as an adjective of place, thus identifying Victorinus as a local builder - ‘Victorinus the Interamnian, or native of a country between two rivers, the Severn and the Wye,” Lydney Park was bought in 1723 from the Winter family by Benjamin Bathurst, son of the Cofferer of the Household to Queen Anne, and has remained in the family since then. The house was originally close to the main road, with a large deer park behind it. In 1736, Benjamin Bathurst caused the Chepstow Road, which ran past the front of the house, to be diverted about 130m to the southeast, to its present course. A straight linear earthwork to the east of the Old Park site, at first interpreted as a field boundary, may in fact be part of the original course of the Chepstow road.
In 1877 Rev. William Hiley Bathurst built a new house in the centre of the deer park, with views over the River Severn. The old one was demolished, except for part of the stable block, in 1883. The new house, a Tudor-style mansion in rusticated stonework with a castellated tower at one corner, was designed by C. H. Howell. From 1940 to 1948 it was occupied by a school and Viscount Bledisloe lived at Redhill House, built in the late 19th century on the north-east side of the park. From 1950 Lydney Park was occupied by his son and eventual successor, who created an ornamental garden in a wooded valley northwest of the house.
<IMG SRC="imgC.jpg" ALT="Site Map of Mortimer Wheelers 1920sarchealogical dig"> See our photos of Lydney Roman Excavations as they appear today
Tolkien and Noden's Temple at Lydney - Did this ring and Dwarf's Hill inspire Tolkien? In 1928 Sir Mortimer Wheeler and his wife Tessa, both eminent archaeologists, were commissioned to make a thorough examination of the Lydney Park site of Noden's Temple. Tolkien was later invited there in a professional capacity, being at that time Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford, and stayed on a number of occasions in the Bathurst family's main house. He would, a couple of years later, contribute a chapter to the published report for the Society of Antiquaries on the origin and meaning of the name ‘Nodens’, the god to whom the temple complex is dedicated and of whom there is little other record. The site of Dwarf’s Hill at Lydney Park was riddled with tunnels and open-cast iron mines known as ‘scowles’. The labyrinth of tunnels in the hillside and local legend naming it as a habitat of the 'little people' may have inspired the notion of hole-dwelling hobbits. Puzzlewood in the Forest of Dean There are close similarities with Tolkien's Hobbiton and The Shire, which are said to describe an idealised version of rural England. It certainly seems probable that Tolkien was inspired in some way by the folklore attached to the hill. Coincidentally the Roman God Noden was known, amongst other things, as the Lord of the Mines, not a far cry from The Lord of the Rings. From medieval times Lydney residents forgot it had been a Roman settlement and thought the crumbling ruins were the homes of little people, dwarves and hobgoblins and were afraid of that hill.Tolkien would have also probably visited Puzzlewood which was only a few miles away. There in 1848 workmen had moved a block of stone and uncovered three earthenware jars containing over 3000 Roman coins. That ancient site's unique geology with its scowls and caves is today regularly used by film crews and together with nearby Clearwell Caves has been the setting for scenes from Merlin, Harry Potter and Dr Who. silvanus curse One of the artefacts found at the Lydney Park site in the early 1800s was a curse tablet, an invocation for revenge. It reads: “To the God Nodens. Silvanus has lost a ring. He has [vowed] half its value to Nodens. Amongst all who bear the name of Senicianus, refuse thou to grant health to exist, until he bring back the ring to the Temple of Nodens.” It seems extraordinary, but what appears to be the same ring had in fact, already been found, but not at Lydney. It was dug up by a farmer in a ploughed field at Silchester, Hampshire, in 1785. Silchester is the site of the large and important Roman town of Calleva Atrebatum. Now Senicianus had a new inscription written on it: ‘Seniciane vivas in deo’ (Senicianus, may you live in God). The ring's home these days is the Vyne Museum at Basingstoke and there seems very little chance of it being returned to Noden's Temple. tolkien's ring Like The One Ring in Tolkien’s Middle-earth, the Roman ring had gathered dust in a library for many years. It’s story now brought back to life, the 12g golden ring sits on display at The Vyne. The “Ring Room” also houses Tolkien memorabilia, and leaves the question as to whether the ancient ring might actually be the very one that inspired Tolkien. Silvanus is probably spinning in his grave. And did that thieving devil Senicianus ever realise he would end up as Gollum? Roman Healers at Lydney Park This small greenish coloured stone stamp from Lydney Park was used for marking semi-solid sticks of eye-ointment (collyria) before they hardened. The dies on the edges of the stamp are engraved with abbreviated Latin inscriptions in reverse. When stamped into the ointment, the impressions could be read correctly. This one records a prescription from oculist Julius Jucundus and three different ways of using it - in drops (dissolved in water), as an ointment mixed with honey, or as a tincture to be applied with a brush.”
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 9, 2018 8:22:22 GMT
Forest dean and the last prince of wales ————————————————-
and why Charles and harry have bought property here: “Legend has it that English Bicknor castle may have faced destruction during the rebellion of Owain Glyndwr, the last native Welshman to hold the title Prince of Wales. One of his many supporters in this area was Sir John Scudamore, a Sheriff of Herefordshire, and a 15th-century English landowner who had married Alys, one of the daughters of Owain Glyndwr. He acted as the constable and steward of a number of Royal castles in the border area, including Monmouth, Grosmont and White Castle and was very active in fighting with the Welsh. In 1403 Glyndwr headed to the South and the West. His forces marched down the Tywi Valley gaining support as they went. English Castles and manor houses fell in their wake. He then headed West attacking Glamorgan and Gwent. Abergavenny and Usk Castles were attacked and burnt before taking Cardiff and Newport. Archenfield, Abergavenny, Craig-y-Dorth, Monmouth and Glamorgan all succumbed to the Welsh. Archenfield, in Herefordshire was outside the English hundred system, and a semi-autonomous Welsh district, with its own customs. Its administrative centre was English Bicknor's sister castle at Kilpeck. Owain Glyndwr considered it as a part of Wales. It was reported in 1403 that 'the Welsh rebels in great numbers have entered Archenfield and there they have burnt houses, killed the inhabitants, taken prisoners and ravaged the country to the great dishonour of our King and the unsupportable damage of the country.' In 1404, Glyndwr,rallying his men, followed the Earl of Warwick back to the Herefordshire border there turned the tables on his enemy, beating him badly in a pitched battle at Craig-y-dorth,close to Mitcheltroy. The scene of this savage encounter is on the road between Chepstow and Monmouth, near Trelog common. During 1407 events in France produced a truce between the English and the French from which the Welsh were excluded. Glyndwr could not count on the French for any further support. The rebellion was wavering and Glyndwr was finding it difficult to find troops. It became increasingly impossible to maintain the ground he had gained. Glyndwr soon lost control of a large part of western Wales and he could no longer maintain his role as the ruling prince. He was once again a guerrilla leader. However, Glyndwr himself eluded capture and, with his only surviving son, Maredudd, disappeared into central Wales. The Welsh did not make any great attacks throughout the next two years, merely harrying the English as and when they could. By 1413 no one knew where Glyndwr was and he was heard of no more. Prince Henry became Henry V early that year and offered a pardon to Owain Glyndwr, which was never accepted. In 2006 The Owain Glyndwr Society's president Adrien Jones reported: "Four years ago we visited a direct descendant of Glyndwr, a John Skidmore, at Kentchurch Court, near Abergavenny. He took us to Mornington Straddle, in Herefordshire, where one of Glyndwr's daughters, Alys, lived. Mr Skidmore told us that he (Glyndwr) spent his last days there and eventually died there. It was a family secret for six hundred years and even Mr. Skidmore's mother, who died shortly before we visited, refused to reveal the secret. There's even a mound where he is believed to be buried." ”
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 9, 2018 15:17:55 GMT
Prince charles highgrove estate and princess Anne Gatcombe Estate are in Cotswolds. As a child harry grew up at high grove and his estate will be miles from Prince Charles. Zara, will and harry are members of the horse course in Cotswold.
Ed sheeran was discovered at barn farm in Gloucestershire.
There so many connections to Cotswolds now it makes sense they sussexes move there
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 9, 2018 15:29:23 GMT
over the years the looks of Queens of Camelot ————————— 1967 queen of camelot wedding dress resembles megs 2012 queen of camelot dress. What i notice all the dresses have med boat cut open sholder design even the diamond jewelry in merlin movie . In merlin the queen on camelot looks like meg have white and broen with megs hair style. Nouveau Camelot?
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 9, 2018 15:53:11 GMT
|
|
UnseenI
Eternal Member
"Part Of The Furniture"
Keeping on keeping on
Posts: 8,263
|
Post by UnseenI on Jul 9, 2018 17:52:42 GMT
“Pale green eye shadow and lavender lipstick.“
I would never have noticed the colours in that picture of Samantha!
There are other ways to say what she did, but I think that she is right. As you said:
“Most Windsor men are weichei”
Edward VIII, George VI, Prince Michael of Kent... and now Harry.
Michael Middleton and James Matthews look hunted too.
|
|
UnseenI
Eternal Member
"Part Of The Furniture"
Keeping on keeping on
Posts: 8,263
|
Post by UnseenI on Jul 9, 2018 17:53:48 GMT
Theresa May and the Cotswolds
“There so many connections to Cotswolds now it makes sense they Sussexes move there” Lavendel more and more people and themes of interest are being found to have Cotswolds associations. Many films and TV series of interest were filmed there too. King Arthur, Sherlock Holmes... A lot is happening this week: the christening, the football, Donald Trunp’s visit and the turmoil in the Government over Brexit. There is talk about a challenge to Theresa May’s leadership. Off topic? Yes, except that Theresa May grew up in a little village in the Cotswolds. It is in the Oxfordshire section, but is only three miles from Great Tew and the Soho farmhouse where the Sussexes have rented a house. The name of the village is Church Enstone. One suggestion for the origin of the name is ‘Ent stone’ or giant stone. The Ents are the tree giants in Lord of the Rings. www.oxfordshirevillages.co.uk/westoxonvillages/enstone.htmlSo, who and what will be next? “the DOBUNNI Tribe” This makes me think of Dobby in HP!
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 9, 2018 20:05:39 GMT
@unseenl, its going full circle . Now theresa may too. I think cotwolds will be interesting to us for s long time. Its seems Cotswolds is the magical place to be. I guess when harry, rowlings, ed or may meet they speak cotwoldish? Dobby may be dobunni.
And the lady lady professor maybe the lady herbalist from cotwolds locals suspected to be a witch.
Whats more interesting rowlings wrote the first four chapter while depressed and was attacked by creatures she calls demenetor.
So i think a spirit from Cotswolds entered her and wrote the magical chapters . The greek gods are dementior the green gods of spring and planting.
I think she wrote the books under influences. The other books she wrote later under other names were not successful because she was not depressed and had lots of money. Selling her soul took away the magic she had.
————- Unseenl did you get the book cabinet of curiosities of elizabeth birchall , Cotswolds?🧚♀️
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 9, 2018 20:15:59 GMT
Unseeln regards the may issue, i think for countinuity to prevent corbyne take over and for the big bee to be protected they have to divide and rule. May alone cannot. Boris and davis may be the knights who protect Arthur and the Bee. So now if boris is free to start campaigning they and he wins in the future and Bee will be protected.
Its a very critical moment for the Bee and her family and they need a tory as pm to protect the transition time.
Either way the Sussexes are protected. Harry like his mother and the yorks can relocate to America or canada or africa they have good connections.
The Other Windsors maybe will relocate to Germany and the cambridges to israel.
Trump visit will be decisive. Thats why the bee wanted the marriage of Sussexes closed so they can be ambassadors to trump . Well its all crazy. I am looking forward to tomorrow. RAF flyover.
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 9, 2018 20:19:14 GMT
meghan wore her green mantel to wade of evil She wore green from head to tore.
|
|
|
Post by transformer on Jul 9, 2018 22:22:02 GMT
I thought she looked very elegant in that outfit. Much less elegant is this blind on CDAN
So this I think links in with the Rumplestiltskin riddle which implied that she would be forced into a very difficult situation. It also implied her fathers involvment. Just thinking of comment Unseen made elsewhere from Thomas Markle.
The theme of witches has come up in the Q discussions. People like Hilary Clinton, Abramovitch, Argento etc are witches apparently. so the green could be secret signalling?
|
|
UnseenI
Eternal Member
"Part Of The Furniture"
Keeping on keeping on
Posts: 8,263
|
Post by UnseenI on Jul 10, 2018 6:05:57 GMT
"Unseenl did you get the book cabinet of curiosities of elizabeth birchall , Cotswolds?"
The book I saw someone reading on the bus and reserved in the public library was In Praise of Bees. It has come but I have not read it yet.
|
|
UnseenI
Eternal Member
"Part Of The Furniture"
Keeping on keeping on
Posts: 8,263
|
Post by UnseenI on Jul 10, 2018 6:11:53 GMT
“Posted by ent lawyer “ Ent? Did you see the reference above transformer? I agree about the witches. J. K. Rowling has been called an Illuminati witch a few times. We are spoiled for choice when it comes to possibly relevant fairy tales, myths & legends and fantasy fiction.
|
|
UnseenI
Eternal Member
"Part Of The Furniture"
Keeping on keeping on
Posts: 8,263
|
Post by UnseenI on Jul 10, 2018 6:13:08 GMT
The 'olive green' outfit that Meghan wore to the christening looks brownish on my laptop. It seems a strange colour to wear on a very hot day and for such an occasion.
|
|
UnseenI
Eternal Member
"Part Of The Furniture"
Keeping on keeping on
Posts: 8,263
|
Post by UnseenI on Jul 10, 2018 6:15:39 GMT
Lavender’s blue, lavender’s green
We have had references to fairy tales. Now it is the turn of a nursery rhyme. I keep thinking about this song. It goes back centuries but seems to have a topical meaning. Here are some key lines: Lavender's blue, dilly dilly, lavender's green, When I am king, dilly dilly, you shall be queen: Who told you so, dilly dilly, who told you so? 'Twas mine own heart, dilly dilly, that told me so.
The boy in this cartoon has red hair:
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 10, 2018 9:04:39 GMT
Lavender’s blue, lavender’s green
We have had references to fairy tales. Now it is the turn of a nursery rhyme. I keep thinking about this song. It goes back centuries but seems to have a topical meaning. Here are some key lines: Lavender's blue, dilly dilly, lavender's green, When I am king, dilly dilly, you shall be queen: Who told you so, dilly dilly, who told you so? 'Twas mine own heart, dilly dilly, that told me so.
The boy in this cartoon has red hair: Its a programming song. With all the colours and meanings clear. Unbelievable that all this has been going on for centuries. The sheep, owls, the farmers and cotwolds country side hills. The prince is red head wearing green and yellow and princess blue and yellow. So many messages in a little song!
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 10, 2018 9:05:39 GMT
Lavender’s blue, lavender’s green
We have had references to fairy tales. Now it is the turn of a nursery rhyme. I keep thinking about this song. It goes back centuries but seems to have a topical meaning. Here are some key lines: Lavender's blue, dilly dilly, lavender's green, When I am king, dilly dilly, you shall be queen: Who told you so, dilly dilly, who told you so? 'Twas mine own heart, dilly dilly, that told me so.
The boy in this cartoon has red hair: Its a programming song. With all the colours and meanings clear. Unbelievable that all this has been going on for centuries. The sheep, owls, the farmers and cotwolds country side hills. The prince is red head wearing green and yellow and princess blue and yellow. So many messages in a little song! They wore lavender blue yesterday and she wore green.
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 10, 2018 9:17:51 GMT
The 'olive green' outfit that Meghan wore to the christening looks brownish on my laptop. It seems a strange colour to wear on a very hot day and for such an occasion. I look for it on Ralph Lauren and its not for sell yet. Its the autumn collection she is presenting today with the bag and gloves. I wonder how much she makes for the catwalk. The blue white from del renta and the yellow were also not available for sale. So its seems she gets the clothes and presents the clothes before the season begins. So her fans have to wait and the company can prepare to sell. The jewels birks pr said her wearing their jewels is a blessing and a curse. Because her fans only buy what she wears not more not less. For instance they have a new collection for summer she has not bought yet and nobody is ordering them. So the clever designers peesent her the first creations she wears them then her sheep follows to buy. Birks thought they could use her once and be sure of future sales. But her sheep wont budge. They want a full look . The green dress although for autumn collection it had its purpose to protect her energy like a mantle or mantel from evil eyes. I like the gold in her belt. German press says she is pregnant definitely. She wears some many wide dresses. I think dm mention that she does not want to go to Australia because of zika epidemic. Thats another way to say she is pregnant
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 10, 2018 10:15:46 GMT
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 10, 2018 14:14:00 GMT
|
|
|
Post by Lavendel on Jul 10, 2018 16:01:32 GMT
is he writing them a message from blackmailers
|
|